ZAŠTITA BIOLOŠKE RAZNOLIKOSTI I OČUVANJE EKOSISTEMA SA ASPEKTA SAOBRAĆAJNOG INŽENJERSTVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of road traffic on biodiversity and traffic safety in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH, focusing on two key aspects: the ecological pressure from vehicle emissions and the safety problem of animal-vehicle collisions (AVC). The analysis of the vehicle fleet structure shows that the average age of registered vehicles is about 17 years , with a significant prevalence of vehicles in lower ecological categories (Euro 3 and Euro 4) , which creates a considerable environmental burden. The spatial analysis confirms that almost 50% of endangered flora is located within a 2 km buffer zone around main and regional roads , while as much as 80% of endangered fauna is located in the 8 km zone. This overlap of extremely burdened road sections and threatened habitats creates critical zones for biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, the paper identifies a high frequency of traffic accidents on several road sections , which is further complicated by the undefined responsibility between road administrators and hunting associations in the existing legal regulations. It is concluded that a shift from reactive to proactive action is necessary through the harmonization of legal regulations concerning traffic safety and wildlife. The adoption of comprehensive traffic development strategies that consider ecological needs. The implementation of engineering solutions (such as ecoducts and dedicated wildlife crossings) in critical zones.The transition of the vehicle fleet towards the zero-emission principle (reducing the number of vehicles below the EURO 5 norm). These measures are crucial forraising the level of traffic safety and preserving the natural resources of Bosnia and Herzegovina.